Boris Yeltsin
 Former Russian President 

Boris Yeltsin was born in the Sverdlovsk province of Union of Soviet Socialist Republic (USSR) on February 1, 1931; He married Naina and had two daughters At his school days at the age of eleven, he lost his left hand thumb and forefinger while disassembling a grenade that he and two friends had stolen from a weapons warehouse He completed his studies as an engineer and graduated from the M. Kirov Polytechnic Institute of    Ural. As an Engineer he worked on various construction projects from 1955-68. Meanwhile he joined the Communist party, and in 1961 he became Member, Presidium USSR Supreme Soviet from 1976-85. In the year 1985 yetis was Appointed first secretary, Moscow City Party Commitee He became First deputy chairman, State Construction Committee, Moscow, 1987-89; President, of the Russian Republic in 1991
 He wrote two books (1) Against the Grain," 1990; (2)"The Struggle for Russia," 1994.

Ronald Wilson Reagan 
Former US President 

Ronald Wilson Reagan  was born On February 6, 1911 in Tampico, Illinois, His father’s name was   John Edward Reagan and mother’s Nellie Wilson Reagan Ronald, nicknamed Dutch, had an older brother, Neil Their father had shoe business in small town. Dixon, which the family moved when he was 9, where Reagan got most of his schooling  ... But his interests in drama, sports, and politics began early. And he was first exposed to acting before he started school   after his high school graduation in 1928, Reagan enrolled at Eureka College, a small college in Eureka, Illinois for studying economics and sociology. During his school and college days he was a sportsman. He played for school and college football team He was very much proficient in acting from his child hood days and he acted in school plays He earned a B.A. degree from Eureka in 1932, at a time when there were underemployments seen everywhere and many people without jobs. . He obtained a job as a radio announcer by the time he was 25, he was one of the top sports broadcasters in the Middle West    He got    a contract in Hollywood in 1937. For acting   Thus started his movie career which spanned more than 20 years. His most successful roles were in Knute Rockne--All American in 1940 and in King's Row in 1941. During the next two decades he was busy in acting in cinema and appeared in 53 films. In 1942, during World War II, Reagan entered the Army as a second lieutenant. He was disqualified for combat duty because of poor eyesight, and he spent the next four years making military training films. He returned to acting He married actress Jane Wyman, and had two children, Maureen and Michael. (Maureen passed away in 2001). In 1952 he married Nancy Davis, who was also an actress, and they had two children, Patricia Ann and Ronald Prescott.
During the sixties he became involved in politics and   his entry into politics was helped by a speech he gave in 1964. It appeared on television and brought him to the attention of powerful Republicans. He toured the country as a television host, becoming a spokesman for conservative ideology .In the 1966 election; Reagan faced Edmund Brown, a popular Democratic governor for eight years. He won the election by nearly ten lac votes and was elected Governor of California he was re-elected in 1970. . He served as governor until 1975
In 1980 Ronald Reagan won the Republican Presidential nomination and with George Bush as his running mate and defeated Democratic candidate Jimmy Carter   On January 20, 1981, Reagan took office. Dealing skillfully with Congress, Reagan obtained legislation to stimulate economic growth, curb inflation, increase employment, and strengthen national defense. He embarked upon a course of cutting taxes and Government expenditures, refusing to deviate from it when the strengthening of defense forces led to a large deficit....

A renewal of national self-confidence by 1984 helped Reagan and Bush win a second term with an unprecedented number of electoral votes.

In 1986 Reagan obtained an overhaul of the income tax code, which eliminated many deductions and exempted millions of people with low incomes. At the end of his administration, the Nation was enjoying its longest recorded period of peacetime prosperity without recession or depression.

In foreign policy, Reagan was a believer of  "peace through strength."  Improve relations with the Soviet Union. Through Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev, Reagan declared war against international terrorism, In keeping with the Reagan Doctrine; he gave support to anti-Communist insurgencies in Central America, Asia, and Africa.

Retirement. Reagan left the White House in January 1989 and was succeeded as president by his former vice president, George Bush Overall, the Reagan years saw a restoration of prosperity.

Zakir Hussein 
Former Indian President

He  was   born at Hyderabad on February 8, 1897. He came of a Pathan family of the upper middle-class, in Farrukhabad District, Uttar Pradesh.  His father, Fida Hussain Khan, went to  Hyderabad, studied Law and had a most successful career. Unfortunately, he died when Dr. Zakir Hussain was only ten years old.
Zakir Hussain had his early education in Uttar Pradesh.   He was sent first for his education to the Islamia High School in Etawah of U.P., which specialized, in puritanical strictures.  After finishing school, he joined the Aligarh   M.A.O. College and studied and completed the master of arts (M.A) When the Indian National Congress and the All India Khilafat Committee joined hands in launching the Non-Cooperation Movement, Mahatma Gandhi toured the country to induce teachers and students to leave Government administered schools and colleges. The young Zakir Hussain, was inspired by the call of gandhiji went heart and soul to establish a national institution at Aligarh with the help of prominent leaders like Hakim Ajmal Khan and others, and the Jamia Millia Islamia came into being on 29 October, 1920.  Zakir Hussain did not wish to leave his studies incomplete and he went to the University of Berlin in Germany for higher studies in 1923, and got   a doctorate in Economics in 1926, He rejoined the Jamia Millia in March 1926 and became the Vice-Chancellor. It was at the Jamia Millia that Dr. Zakir Hussain developed his gifts as an educationist. It was his experience here as well as his deep study of the philosophy of education, which enable him to take charge of the scheme of Basic National Education when it was launched in 1938.  He was the President of Hindustani Talimi Sangh, Sevagram from 1938 to 1948  .In 1948, Dr. Zakir Husain became the Vice Chancellor of the Aligarh Muslim University.  He was also a member of the first Indian Universities Commission. He was a member of the Rajya Sabha. He was also a member of the Executive Board of UNESCO from 1956 to 1958. He was awarded Padma Vibhushan in 1954 In 1962 he was elected Vice President of India and the Bharat Ratna in 1963 He had been the recipient of academic honours from various Indian Universities He was awarded D.Litt. (Honoris Causa) by the Universities of Delhi, Calcutta, Aligarh, Allahabad and Cairo.. He became the third President of India on May 9, 1967. 

Dr. Zakir Husain translated Plato's "Republic" into Urdu; Dr. Husain held up the highest moral values and lived up to them. He believed in democracy with individual freedom and self discipline He delivered a series of lectures on economics under the auspices of the Hindustani Academy and another series in English, on Capitalism: Essays in Understanding, under the auspices of the Delhi University in 1945.  He translated Friedrich List's 'Nationalokonomie'. His Convocation Addresses have been collected and published under the title "The Dynamic University". He excelled in writing for children and his stories are masterpieces of style Dr. Zakir Hussain   died on May 3, 1969.

 CHARLES DARWIN

Charles Darwin was born on 12 February 1809 in Shrewsbury, England.  His father, Robert Darwin, was a physician; His grand father Erasmus Darwin was a poet, philosopher, and naturalist.  Charles's mother’s name was, Susannah Wedgwood Darwin, who died in 1817 when he was eight years old.  Charles had his primary education in the Shrewsbury At age sixteen Darwin was admitted to Edinburgh University to study medicine but ultimately went to Cambridge University to prepare to become a clergyman in the Church of England. After receiving his degree, Darwin accepted an invitation to serve as an unpaid naturalist on the H.M.S. Beagle, which departed on a five-year scientific expedition to the Pacific coast of South America on 31 December, 1831.
Darwin's research resulting from this voyage formed the basis of his famous book, On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection. Published in 1859, the work aroused a storm of controversy. Here Darwin outlined his theory of evolution, challenging the contemporary beliefs about the creation of life on earth.
Darwin continued to write and publish his works on biology throughout his life. He lived with his wife and children at their home in outer London.  Darwin was plagued with fatigue and intestinal sickness for the rest of his life. He died on 19 April 1882, and lies buried in Westminster Abbey.

Abraham Lincoln
Former US President 

Abraham Lincoln was born on February 12, 1809 near Hodgenville, Kentucky.  He was the son of Nancy Hanks and Thomas Lincoln In  1816 - the Lincoln family crosses the Ohio River and settles in the backwoods of Indiana. At the age of nine Nancy Hanks Lincoln, his mother died    Lincoln had to struggle for a living and for learning. Lincoln made extraordinary efforts to attain knowledge while working on a farm, splitting rails for fences, and keeping store at New Salem, Illinois In 1824 he had to plowing and planting and worked for hire for neighbors. Attended school in the fall and winter.  He had to Borrows books and read whenever possible. He was a captain in the Black Hawk War, spent eight years in the Illinois legislature, and rode the circuit of courts for many years. His law partner said of him, "His ambition was a little engine that knew no rest." He married Mary Todd, and they had four boys, only one of whom lived to maturity. In 1858 Lincoln ran against Stephen A. Douglas for Senator. He lost the election, but in debating with Douglas he gained a national reputation that won him the Republican nomination for President in 1860. Was elected as the 16th president of the United States. As President, he built the Republican Party into a strong national organization. Further, he rallied most of the northern Democrats to the Union cause. On January 1, 1863, he issued the Emancipation Proclamation that declared forever free those slaves within the Confederacy.
Lincoln never let the world forget that the Civil War involved an even larger issue. This he stated most movingly in dedicating the military cemetery at Gettysburg: "that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain--that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom--and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth."
Lincoln won re-election in 1864, as Union military triumphs heralded an end to the war. In his planning for peace, the President was flexible and generous, encouraging Southerners to lay down their arms and join speedily in reunion. Lincoln's political influence was enhanced by his great gifts as an orator. Able to stress essentials in simple terms. He effectively appealed to the nation by such short and classical speeches.The spirit that guided him was clearly that of his Second Inaugural Address, now inscribed on one wall of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D. C.: "With malice toward none; with charity for all; with firmness in the right, as God gives us to see the right, let us strive on to finish the work we are in; to bind up the nation's wounds.... " On April 14, 1865 Abraham Lincoln was shot at Ford's Theater in Washington, D.C. The president died the following day April 15, 1865. He is still remembered today by the brilliant speeches he gave and the success to save the Union

Sarojinii Naidu   

Sarojini Naidu was born on February 13, 1879   in Hyderabad   as the eldest of a large family   Her father; Dr. Aghornath Chattopadhyaya was a scientist and was the founder of Nizam College of Hyderabad   Her mother’s name was   Varadasundari, who was a poet.  Her father aspired for her to become a mathematician or scientist, but she loved poetry from a very early age at the age of twelve she passed the Matriculation examination from the Madras University. When her father saw that she was more interested in poetry than mathematics or science, he decided to encourage her. With her father's support, she wrote the play "Maher Muneer" in the Persian language. Dr. Chattopadhyaya distributed some copies among his friends and sent one copy to the Nawab of Hyderabad.  Reading a beautiful play written by a young girl, the Nizam was very impressed and awarded a special scholarship (from the Nizam) In 1895 she was sent to England, against her will, she got admitted to King's College.  She remained in England,with an interval of travel in Italy, till 1898. During her stay in England, she met Dr. Govindurajulu Naidu, from southern India.  After finishing her studies at the age of 19 She returned to Hydra bad in September 1898,and she got married to him during the time when inter-caste marriages were not allowed. Her marriage was a very happy one Soon she got recognition as the "Bul Bule Hind" when her collection of poems was published in 1905 under the title "Golden Threshold".   After that, she published two other collections of poems--"The Bird of Time" and "The Broken Wings".   In 1918, " Feast of Youth" was published. Later, "The Magic Tree", "The Wizard Mask" and "A Treasury of Poems" were published. Arabinda Ghosh, Rabindranath Tagore and Jawaharlal Nehru were among the thousands of admirers of her work.  She met Sri Gopal Krishna Gokhale who advised   her to use her poetry and her beautiful words to rejuvenate the spirit of Independence in the hearts of villagers. He asked her to use her talent to free Mother India.
 It was 1916, when she met Mahatma Gandhi, and she totally involved herself to the fight for freedom. She traveled around the country and pour enthusiasm among the hearts of Indians. The independence of India became the heart and soul of her work in 1925; she chaired the summit of Congress in Kanpur.    When in 1930, mahatma Gandhi was arrested for a protest; she took the helms of his movement.  In 1931, she participated in the Round Table Summit, along with mahatma Gandhi and Madam Mohon Malaviya.  In 1942, she was arrested during the "Quit India” movement and stayed in jail for 21 months with Gandhiji After independence she became the Governor of Uttar Pradesh.  She was the first woman G governor of India Sorojini Naidu was a great patriot, politician, orator and administrator. She had an integrated personality and could influence audiences with her pure honesty and patriotism. She was a life-long freedom fighter, social worker, and poet. And ideal housewife

One Story    ‘’ Once she was working on an algebra problem, and when she couldn't find the solution she decided to take a break, and in the same book she wrote her first inspired poetry. She got so enthused by this that she wrote "The Lady of the Lake", a poem 1300 lines long On March 2, 1949, she took her last breath, and India lost her beloved child, 

      Rafi Ahmed Kidwai

He was born on 18th February 1894 in the village of Masauli, barabanki, Uttar Pradesh, Shri Rafi Ahmed Kidwai rose to hold position of immense responsibility in the State and Central Governments. His father was a middle class Zamindar that traced back to the retinue of Mohammad Ghazni He got early education by his uncle Vilayat Ali. It was through him that the young Rafi Ahmed was exposed to the Congress and the Muslim League, and to various national leaders. In 1918 he obtained his bachelors degree, he had the law profession in mind but succumbed to Gandhiji's spell to join the Non-Cooperation Movement. There was no looking back. Jailed time and again for his nationalistic activities, he went from strength to strength. The initial stage of apprenticeship was served as Private Secretary to Motilal Nehru. Election to the Central Legislative Assembly in 1926 was the next step. Recognition for his political capability and maturity came with his appointment as Chief Whip of the Congress party in the Central Legislature.
After 1931 he came into his own, spearheading the Agrarian Movement, which was to remain a lifetimes commitment. As Secretary of the U.P Congress Committee he organized the no-rent campaign to protect Ouch peasantry against the economic depression of the 30s. Later, in the first Cabinet of U.P. as Minster for Land Revenue, he virtually structure the U.P.Tenancy Act, subsequently enacted, creating conditions for the abolition of the zamindari system. The second General Election made him Home Minister of Unpin 1946. Independence brought Rafi Sahib to New Delhi as Minister for Communications. He distinguished himself by sponsoring such schemes as night airmail; own your telephone and weekly off for staff. Returning in 1952 he received accolade as the Minister for Food & Agriculture who fed the nation without food aid and external controls.
A simple, austere man, he was truly secular and open minded in his vision. He believed mass action and mass programmed in the struggle against exploitation, be it social or economic. He died in 1954. He was really a man of courage and commitment.

Shri Ramakrishna Paramahansa

  Ramakrishna Paramhansadeva was born on February 18, 1836 in Kamarpukur, West Bengal. From his early boyhood days    he was a great devotee of Goddess Kali. In 1855, he was the priest of the famous Dakshineshwar Temple in Bengal.  At the age of 23, in May 1859, he married Cardamom, . Soon after, the urge to find out the truth about life brought Ramakrishna to spiritual instruction under the sage Totapuri, who gave him the sobriquet, Paramhansa.   His quest for truth continued with Bhairavi Ma and sages in other religion. Ramakrishna faithfully practiced the spiritual disciplines of different religions and came to the realization that all of them lead to the same goal. Thus he declared, "As many faiths, so many paths." Drawn by the magnetism of Shri Ramakrishna’s divine personality, people flocked to him from. Shri Ramakrishna’s Paramhansa had several disciples far and near - men and women, young and old, philosophers and theologians, philanthropists and humanists, atheists and agnostics, Hindus and Brahmins, Christians and Muslims, seekers of the truth from all races, creeds and castes, including Swami Vivekananda.  Ramakrushna Paramhansa renounced His body in 1886.

Bhabendra Nath Saikia

Dr. Bhabendra Nath Saikia  famous short story writer and film director of Assam was born on February 20, 1932 at Nowgang town. He passed Matriculation Examination in 1948 in first division   He secured first division in Intermediate Examination in Science in the year 1950 He passed B.Sc. Examination in 1952 with honors in Physics in second class from the Cotton College of Gauhati University He completed his M.Sc. Examination in 1955-56 in Physics in second class from the Presidency college of Calcutta University .He obtained Ph.D. Degree in physics in 1961 from the London University He also obtained Diploma of Imperial College (D.I.C.) of Science & Technology, London in 1961.  He worked as reader in Physics in Gauhati University. He was the Chief Editor of PRANTIK a fortnightly magazine and as editor of Sofura a monthly children magazine.  He became a Member, Sangeet Natak Akademi, India

He is recognized as one of the top ranking writers of Assam. Many stories have been translated into English, Bengali, Hindi, Telugu,Malayalam, Marathi, Gujrati etc. He had also written a large number of plays for All India Radio. The plays Kolahal, Durbiksha and Itihaas were taken up by the A.I.R. (All India Radio) as national plays. Kolahal was selected for broadcast from foreign centers.  He Has been associated actively with the stage as a play writer and director. He has written many plays for 'Mobile Theatre' of Assam, and a number of One Act Plays. 

He had directed eight feature films namely Sandhyarag, Anirban, Agnisnan, Kolahal, Sarothi, Abartan and ltihaas in Assamese and Kalsandhya in Hindi. These films have been screened at International Film Festivals held at various places such as Madras, Hyderabad, New Delhi, Bangalore, Calcutta, Karlovy Vary (Czechoslovakia), Nantes (France), Valladolid (Spain), Algiers (Algeria), Pyong Yong (North Korea), Sydney, Munich, Montreal and Toronto. Has also directed one episode of a serial based on Rabindra Nath Tagore's stories for Doordarshan (in Hindi). Seven out of his eight films have been selected for Indian Panorama Section of the International Film Festival of India. • He received the Sahitya Akademi (India) Award in 1976 .The Rajat Kamal Award of the Government of India for the film Sandhyarag in 1978,  for the film Anirban in 1981, the  for the film Agnisnan in 1985  for the film Kolahal in 1988, for the film Sarothi in 1992,  for the film Abartan in 1994, for the film Itihaas in 1996, He was adjudged as one of the "Twenty one Great Assamese Persons of the twentieth century" as literary weekly news magazines of Assam.

Dr. Bhabendra Nath Saikia is honoured with Srimanta Sankardeva Award, the highest award instituted by the Government of Assam, for the year 1998, Padma Shri by the Government of India in January, 2001 Assam conferred the Degree of D.Litt, honoris causa, on Dr. Saikia in recognition of his outstanding contribution in cinema and literature on the day of the Eighth Convocation held on 18.10.2001.

Annu Kapoor

The famous antaskshari builder was born in Bhopal on 20th February 1956 and read till class X. After that, in spite of having a brilliant academic career, he could not study further because of the financial crisis in family--his parents could not afford it. He wanted to be a surgeon, never wanted to come into this profession but the circumstances forced him to join a folk theatre group. People join the field of art due to their passion and hobby but he had to join folk theatre company because of sheer helplessness. He became a graduate from National School of Drama and came to Mumbai. For seeking fortune. He succeeded. His   wife is also the associate director as well as research designer She is equally interested in music; she is the niece of great Bengali music director Hemant Kumar.  Annu kapoor directed a feature film for children in '94 for which he was awarded the prestigious President's award.

George Washington

George Washington was commander in chief of the Continental army during the American Revolution and first president of the United States (1789-97) George Washington was born in Westmoreland County, Virginia into a mildly prosperous farming family. on Feb. 22, 1732. He was the eldest son of Augustine Washington and his wife, Mary Ball Washington. The family was prosperous Virginia gentry of English descent. George spent his early years on the family estate near the Potomac River. His early education included the study mathematics, surveying, the classics, and "rules of civility." His father died in 1743, After his father died when George was eleven, George’s mother Mary, a tough and driven woman, struggled to hold their home together with the help of her two sons from a previous marriage and soon thereafter George went to live with his half brother Lawrence at Mount Vernon, Lawrence's plantation on the Potomac. Although he never received more than an elementary school education, young George displayed a gift for mathematics. This knack for numbers combined with his quiet confidence and ambition caught the attention of Lord Fairfax, head of one of the most powerful families in Virginia Lawrence, who became something of a substitute father for his brother, had married into the Fairfax family, prominent and influential Virginians who helped launch George's career. An early ambition to go to sea had been effectively discouraged by George's mother; instead, he turned to surveying, securing (1748) an appointment to survey Lord Fairfax's lands in the Shenandoah Valley. He helped lay out the Virginia town of Belhaven (now Alexandria) in 1749 and was appointed surveyor for Curlpaper County. George accompanied his brother to Barbados in an effort to cure Lawrence of tuberculosis, but Lawrence died in 1752, soon after the brothers returned. George ultimately inherited the Mount Vernon estate. At the time, England and France were enemies in America, vying for control of the Ohio River Valley. Holding a commission in the British army, Washington led a poorly trained and equipped force of 150 men to build a fort on the banks of the Ohio River. On the way he encountered and attacked a small French force, killing a French minister in the process. The incident touched off open fighting between the British and the French, and in one fateful engagement the superior tactics of the French routed the British.
By 1753 the growing rivalry between the British and French over control of the Ohio Valley, soon to erupt into the French and Indian War (1754-63), created new opportunities for the ambitious young Washington. He joined the English group   Although only 22 years of age and lacking experience, he learned quickly, meeting the problems of recruitment, supply, and desertions with a combination of brashness and native ability that earned him the respect of his superiors.
In April 1754, on his way to establish a post at the Forks of the Ohio (the current site of Pittsburgh), Washington learned that the French had already erected a fort there. Warned that the French were advancing, he quickly threw up fortifications at Great Meadows, Pa., aptly naming the entrenchment Fort Necessity, and marched to intercept advancing French troops. In the resulting skirmish the French commander the seer de Jumonville was killed and most of his men were captured. Washington pulled his small force back into Fort Necessity where he was overwhelmed (July 3) by the French in an all-day battle fought in a drenching rain. Surrounded by enemy troops, with his food supply almost exhausted and his dampened ammunition useless, Washington capitulated. Under the terms of the surrender signed that day, he was permitted to march his troops back to Williamsburg. Discouraged by his defeat and angered by discrimination between British and colonial officers in rank and pay, he resigned his commission near the end of 1754. The next year, however, he volunteered to join British general Edward Braddock's expedition against the French. In 1755, at the age of 23, he was promoted to colonel and appointed commander in chief of the Virginia militia, with responsibility for defending the frontier. Assured that the Virginia frontier was safe from French attack, Washington left the army in 1758 and returned to Mount Vernon, directing his attention toward restoring his neglected estate. With the support of an ever-growing circle of influential friends, he entered politics, In January 1759 he married Martha Dandridge Custis, After 1769, Washington became a leader in Virginia's opposition to Great Britain's colonial policies. . Discrimination against colonial military officers had rankled deeply, and British land policies and restrictions on western expansion after 1763 had seriously hindered his plans for western land speculation. In June 1775 he was Congress's unanimous choice as commander in chief of the Continental forces. Washington took command of the troops surrounding British-occupied Boston on July 3 Early in March 1776, using cannon Washington occupied Dorchester Heights, effectively commanding the city and forcing the British to evacuate He then moved to defend New York City against the combined land and sea forces of Sir William Howe.  He saved his army by skillfully retreating from Manhattan into Westchester County and through New Jersey into Pennsylvania. In the last months of 1776, desperately short of men and supplies, Washington almost despaired. He had lost New York City to the British; enlistment was almost up for a number of the troops, and others were deserting in droves; civilian morale was falling rapidly; and Congress, faced with the possibility of a British attack on Philadelphia, had withdrawn from the city. With the aid of the Prussian Baron von Steuben and the French marquis de Lafayette, he concentrated on turning the army into a viable fighting force, and by spring he was ready to take the field again. In June 1778 he attacked the British near Monmouth Courthouse, N.J., on their withdrawal from Philadelphia to New York. After the war Washington returned to Mount Vernon, In May 1787, Washington headed the Virginia delegation to the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia and was unanimously elected presiding officer. His presence lent prestige to the proceedings, and although he made few direct contributions, he generally supported the advocates of a strong central government. After the new Constitution was submitted to the states for ratification and became legally operative, he was unanimously elected president (1789). Taking office (Apr. 30, 1789) in New York City, Washington acted carefully and deliberately, aware of the need to build an executive structure that could accommodate future presidents. Washington was reelected president in 1792, and the following year the most divisive crisis arising out of the personal and political conflicts within his cabinet occurred--over the issue of American neutrality during the war between England and France. By March 1797, when Washington left office, the country's financial system was well established;) Washington refused to run for a third term and, after a masterly Farewell Address in which he warned the United States against permanent alliances abroad, he went home to Mount Vernon. His vice-president, Federalist John Adams, succeeded him.Although Washington reluctantly accepted command of the army in 1798 when war with France seemed imminent, he did not assume an active role. He preferred to spend his last years in happy retirement at Mount Vernon. Washington died at his estate on Dec. 14, 1799. Even during his lifetime, Washington loomed large in the national imagination. His role as a symbol of American virtue was enhanced after his death .

Elizabeth Rosemont Taylor  

Was born 27 February 1932 at Hampstead, London, England. Her Short name was Liz Taylor.  She was an Actor, Model, Producer At age of 12 she achieved child-star status when she played the leading role in Clarence Brown's National Velvet Her Father’s name was Francis Taylor, art dealer; American and Mother: Sara Taylor (née Sothern), actress; American; born 1895; died 1994 at age 99

  She attended   Byron House School, Hawthorne School and Studied ballet with Vaccani
University High School, California; She received high school diploma in 1950 She married to several persons They are Michael Wilding, actor; married February 21, 1952
 Mike Todd (aka Michael Todd), producer, promoter, showman; married February 2, 1957
 Eddie Fisher, singer, actor; married 1959; divorced
 Richard Burton, actor; married March 15, 1964 in Montreal; divorced remarried
 John Warner, politician, U.S. Senator; married December 4, 1976; divorced
Victor Luna, attorney, Mexican; Taylor broke off
Dennis Stein, business executive; Taylor broke off
Larry Fortensky (aka Lawrence Lee Fortensky), teamster; construction-equipment operator; married October 6, 1991, at Michael Jackson's Neverland ranch in Santa Ynez, California; born 1952 in Stanton, California; met at the Betty Ford Clinic in 1987; divorced November 19
She had many sons and daughters namely -Sons: Michael Wilding, Christopher Wilding, photograph
Daughter: Laele; Elizabeth Tivey, Maria Carson

She was the recipient of several awards and honors of film industry, some of them are
 1956: Special Golden Globe: Consistent Performance
1959: Golden Globe: Best Actress in a Motion Picture (Drama), Suddenly, Last Summer
1960: Oscar: Best Actress, Butterfield 8
1966: National Board of Review Award: Best Actress, Who's Afraid of Virginia Wolf?
1966: New York Film Critics Circle Award: Best Actress, Who's Afraid of Virginia Wolf? tied with Lynn Red grave for Georgy Girl
1966: Oscar: Best Actress, Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?
1966: British Film Academy Award: Best British Actress, Who's Afraid of Virginia Wolf?
1972: Berlin Film Festival Best Actress Award: Hammersmith Is Out
1973: Golden Globe: World Film Favorite--Female
1981: Theatre World Award: The Little Foxes; special citation marking her Broadway debut
1981: Special Outer Critics Circle Award: Debut, The Little Foxes
1985: Cecil B. DeMille Award: life achievement, presented by Hollywood Foreign Press Association
1992: Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award: statuette presented by Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences; shared award with Audrey Hepburn
1993: American Film Institute Life Achievement Award
1997: Screen Actors Guild Life Achievement Award
Her favorite Quote: "The more, the better, has always been my motto."

Morarji Desai
Former Prime Minister of INDIA

Morarji Ranchhodji Desai was born on February 29, 1896 at Bahadesli, a village in Gujarat His father Ranchhodji Desai was a teacher in the Bhavenagar State in Saurashtra.and her mother’s name was Vajiaben.
He started his early education in   the village school, he passed matriculation in 1912. He studied in   Wilson College, Bombay, and graduated from there While studying for the Intermediate examination, he had the opportunity to study five volumes of the Physical Culture Encyclopedia of Bernard Mcfadden which developed in him a lasting faith in nature cure After graduation he appeared for the Indian Civil Service Examination, seeking appointment as a Deputy Collector in the Bombay Presidency in 1918. He remained in Government Service till his resignation during the Civil Disobedience Movement and joined the civil disobedience movement against British rule in India in 1930 He was imprisoned thrice after 1940 for participation in the freedom movement. This only served to make him devoted and resolute A religious and stringent background inculcated in him the habits of self-discipline and thrift. It is not surprising therefore that he grew up to become a practicing Gandhi and as the fourth Prime Minister of India, It was in character with him to say that, 'I seek neither popularity nor unpopularity. I am all for discipline'...
He was elected a Member of the Bombay Provincial Congress Committee and became its Secretary From 1931-37. In 1937 he was elected Bombay legislative Assembly and was Minister Forest in the first Congress Government and later served as the Revenue and Home Minister of Bombay. In 1952, after the first general elections, he became the chief Minster of Bombay, contenting in that capacity till the reorganization of States in 1956. He was instrumental in introducing far-reaching reforms in land revenue, administration and also in police and jail administration. In 1956, he joined the Union Cabinet as Minister of Commerce and Industry, subsequently dealing with the portfolio of Finance deluding delegations to various countries abroad in connection with the IMF and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development.
Morarji Desai was one Prime Minister of India who rose from humble origins His brief period of Prime Minister ship pended on July 28, 1978 when he stepped down The first non-congress Prime Minister since Independence, Korari Desai headed the Janata Party Government for 857 days, from March 24, 1977 to July 28, 1979. . He is often known as one of the important followers of the Gandhi an way of life He did not believe in rituals nor id he subscribe to idol worship. He did not observe the caste system His long and outstanding service to nation earned for him the highest civilian award of India, the 'Bharat Ratna' in 1991. He died on April 10, 1995 a little short of his 100th birthday.

Boris (Lonidovich) Pasternak (1890-1960)

Boris Pasternak was born on february 1890 into a prominent Jewish family in Moscow He was the great Russian poet whose novel DOKTOR ZHIVAGO brought him the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1958.  The novel was banned in the Soviet Union and Pasternak was expelled from the Union of Soviet Writers. After Doctor Zhivago had reached the West, it was soon translated into 18 languages. Pasternak was rehabilitated posthumously in 1987, which made possible the publication of his major work His father, Leonid Osipovich Pasternak, was a professor at the Moscow School of Painting. His mother, Rosa Kaufman, was an acclaimed concert pianist.  He then studied philosophy under Prof. Herman Cohen at the Marburg University in Germany During World War I Pasternak worked as a private tutor and at a chemical factory in the Ural Mountains Due to a leg injury he did not serve in the army His parents and sisters migrated to Germany in 1921, when travel abroad was legalized. After the Revolution of 1917 Pasternak worked as a librarian As a poet Pasternak made his debut with the collection BLIZNETS V TUCHAKN (1914 ).With the books Over the Barriers (1917) and My Sister - Life (1922) he gained fame as a prominent new poet. In the early 1920s Pasternak wrote autobiographical and political poetry, and some short stories, which were collected in The Childhood of Luvers (1922). His memoir 'Safe Conduct' (1930) was continued in 'I Remember' (1959). Pasternak married in 1922 Evgeniia Vladimirovna Lourie. They hand one son, but the marriage dissolved in 1931. In 1934 he married Zinaida Nikolaevna Neigauz In the 1930s and 1940s Pasternak's works didn't gain authorities favour and they were not printed Pasternak was accused of subjectivism and aestheticism, Unable to publish his own poetry Pasternak became a translator In 1935 he travelled to Paris to participate in the Anti-Fascist Congress During World War II Pasternak wrote patriotic verses, and published a collection of poems, NA RANNIKH POYEZDAKH in 1943 Another collection appeared in 1945, followed by a selection of earlier poetry in 1947 Doktor Zhivago was rejected by the Soviet journal Novye Mir - it was published first in Russian and in Italian translation by the publisher Feltrinelli in Milan in 1957 Doctor Zhivago has been recognized by many as the greatest Russian novel of the 20th century. Pasternak remained at Peredelkino, a writers's colony about twenty miles outside of Moscow. His last projects included a play about Aleksander II and the emancipation of the serfs. He also planned to write another novel. Pasternak died on May 30, 1960 when Pasternak was awarded the Nobel Prize Pasternak's son accepted his father's Nobel Prize medal at a ceremony in Stockholm in 1989 Doctor Zhivago was made into a film by David Lean in 1965

 Some books and writings

• BLIZNETS V TUCHAKH, POVERH BAR'EROV,

• DEVJATSOT PJATYI GOD, SESTRA MOYA ZHIZN,

• TEMY I VARIATSII, RAZZKAZY, DESTVO LIUVERS,

• LEITENANT SHMIDT, DEVIAT’SOT PIATYI GOD,

• VYSOKAIA BOLEZN, OKHRANNAYA GRAMOTA

• SPEKTORSKIIVTOROE ROZHDENIE, TIKHOTVORENIIA V ODOM TOME, 

• POVEST,Bystander, 1936 

• Childhood, 

• NA RANNIKH POYEZDAKH,

• ZEMNOI PROSTOR,

• DOKTOR ZIVAGO, 1957 (published in Milano) - Doctor Zhivago

• KOGDA RAZGULJAJETSJA, 1959 (published in Paris)

 GALILEO GALILEI 
Born Pisa 1564, 
Died Florence 1642 Galileo GALILEI

Galileo was born in Pisa Italy in February 1564. His father Vincenzo Galilei was well known for his studies of music His mother was Giulia Ammannati.   He studied at Pisa, He was then appointed to the chair of mathematics at the University of Padua, where he remained until 1610. During these years he carried out studies and experiments in mechanics, and also built a thermo scope.  He devised and constructed a geometrical and military compass and wrote a handbook, which describes how to use this instrument.  In 1594 he obtained the   patents for a machine to raise water levels He invented the microscope, and built a telescope with which he made celestial observations, the most spectacular of which was his discovery of the satellites of Jupiter    In 1610 he was nominated the foremost Mathematician of the University of Pisa and given the title of mathematician to the Grand Duke of Tuscany.   He studied Saturn and observed the phases of Venus    In 1611 he went to Rome. He became a member of the Academia dei Lance and observed the sunspots    In 1612 he began to encounter serious opposition to his theory of the motion of the earth that he taught after Copernicus    In 1614, head of church denounced the opinions of Galileo on the motion of the Earth, judging them to be erroneous. Galileo therefore went to Rome, where he defended himself against charges that had been made against him but in 1616, he was admonished by Cardinal Bellarmino and told that he could not defend Copernican astronomy because it went against the doctrine of the Church. In 1622 he wrote the Saggiator, which was approved and published in 1623.  In 1630 he returned to Rome to obtain the right to publish his Dialogue on the two chief world systems, which was eventually published in Florence in 1632. In October of 1632 the Holy Office to Rome summoned him. The tribunal passed a sentence condemning him and compelled Galileo to solemnly abjure his theory.   He was sent to exile in Siena and finally, in December of 1633, he was allowed to retire to his villa in Arcetri, the Gioiello His health condition was steadily declining, - by 1638 he was completely blind, and also by now bereft of the support of his daughter, Sister Maria Celeste who died in 1634. Galileo died in Arcetri on 8 January 1642 His Contributions the contributions made by Galileo to mechanics remain fundamental; His observations of the sky with his telescope led to the discovery of the satellites of Jupiter and to his adherence the Copernican system. The phenomena which were revealed little by little due to the increased possibility of larger lenses were described and illustrated by Galileo in Sidereus Nuncius   The periods and frequencies of appearances of the satellites of Jupiter were studied by Galileo in order to develop a method for determining longitudes at sea. Between 1619 and 1624 he began to produce microscopes The Galilean microscope is made up of the tube of a telescope, of reduced size, furnished with two lenses. Galileo dedicated himself to research on heat at the end of the 16th century. The invention of the thermo scope was used to carry out experiments on the relationship between changes of temperature and variations of the level of the liquid. Between 1600 and 1609 Galileo devoted himself to studying magnetism,